Exercise, Rehab & Zero Gravity: This is NASA Physical Therapy

WEBVTT

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uh but let's start with you

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uh danielle what is your

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superhero backstory cory

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I'm gonna ask you the same

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question in a couple

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seconds to just like give

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context to like who you are

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and then like what you get

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to do with who where that

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because this is a very I'm

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very excited I don't know

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if you could tell for this

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conversation yeah no that's

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awesome thanks for having

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us uh today I don't know

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that I would put myself in

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the superhero category but

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I do.

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I love what I do.

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I'm an Air Force physical therapist.

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I've been in the Air Force

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for thirteen years.

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I had the opportunity to

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deploy a couple of times,

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supported large scale

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military treatment facilities,

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and then ended up here at

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NASA about almost four years ago.

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Now supporting the astronaut

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corps and working with

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awesome people in the human

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performance team like Corey.

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Well, thanks for your service, Corey.

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What do you get to do?

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Yeah, the same.

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I'm thankful for the

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opportunity to be here.

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Thankful also to be on this podcast.

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So I'm a strength and

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conditioning coach by trade.

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I came up through the

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collegiate realm back in

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the early two thousands.

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And then NASA was my first job.

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So I was here for about five

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years doing the shuttle program.

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Then I left, went back to college football,

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did a military DOD,

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stayed for about three years.

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And then I recently came

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back about four years ago.

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Now, this is not on the question list.

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So I'm sure the public

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relations person is like, wait,

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he's already going off script.

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But Corey, be honest.

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When you put NASA on a resume,

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you're getting that job, right?

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I mean, any job that you're going for,

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when you go back to college football,

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they're like, I guess, right?

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I can't say that's the case sometimes,

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though.

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I think people know which

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makes sense sometimes,

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like the hire specifically

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those that are doing what they're doing,

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what they're hiring for.

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So, you know, in collegiate athletics,

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what I learned,

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The biggest question is, oh,

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are you going to be able to

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handle this work volume

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versus assuming that's the case?

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So, yeah, it does help, though.

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I'm thankful for that opportunity.

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All right.

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So we'll ask this question to both of you.

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You pick who answers first.

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But what's it really like to

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be a physical therapist?

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What's it really like to be

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a strength and conditioning

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specialist in space flight support?

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I mean, this is nine-year-old Jimmy,

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and this is going to date how old I am,

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and maybe the audience will catch on.

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I watched Space Camp as a

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kid and was hoped that I'd

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accidentally get launched

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into space at some point.

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But what's it really like

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Because the audience

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probably is going to make a

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bunch of assumptions about

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what you actually do and

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what you support.

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So let's bust those myths

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and get to the real answer.

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What is it you guys get to do there?

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Yeah, I think for me,

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coming from that operational background,

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it's an opportunity that

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you get to support a huge, robust mission,

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complex mission set.

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Right.

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And it's not just I go to

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work every day and I see patient care,

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but I see patients because

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those patients are

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or hopefully going to the

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International Space Station

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or training for an Artemis mission.

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So to be able to kind of see

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yourself and how you fit

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into that big team and not

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just your healthcare team,

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but your team of human

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performance specialists and

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engineers and all the

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trainers and everybody

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that's getting these

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astronauts ready to go to space.

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I think it's just,

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it's literally living out a

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childhood dream.

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Like you mentioned,

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like we all grow up seeing

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astronauts and seeing about

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space and it's truly, yeah,

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it's an awesome opportunity.

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Yeah, Corey, same thing.

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Like what are some things

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that maybe you do that

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someone like me wouldn't even understand,

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like wouldn't even think of?

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Yeah, I would say for me,

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one of the things that hit

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me always is the big burden

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that comes with it.

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So when we have astronauts

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are working with them,

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they're trusting us to be a

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resource for them while

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they're off the planet.

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They're not just over here, over there,

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they're four hundred K away.

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And they're trusting us to

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help them stay healthy

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while they're off the planet.

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And that's a big responsibility, though.

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As Dr. Anderson mentioned, though,

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there's a big team, you know,

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and even for me,

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how I contribute to that team,

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I'm just like the grease on

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the spoke of a big wheel that spins,

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you know,

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but still just thinking about

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that aspect.

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And then there are some

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aspects of being in human

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performance for a while, but here,

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which is unique, working in football,

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working with other athletic settings,

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I've never had to worry

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about bone and bone

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metabolism or maintaining bone health.

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particularly in flight is a

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very interesting task.

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It's different.

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It's multifactorial.

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There's a lot that goes in there and,

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you know,

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trying to figure out how to

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better combat that from a

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countermeasure standpoint to, again,

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you know,

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to provide better resources for

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the astronauts while they

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do those things are very important.

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So in a sense,

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it's almost like feeling

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like puzzled sometimes, you know,

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where you get like trying to figure out,

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okay, what is,

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We know what to do for strength.

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We know what to do for cardiovascular,

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cardiorespiratory fitness in general.

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That's helpful.

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Not necessarily always in space flight,

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but bone can sometimes be

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the big question mark on

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how best to combat that.

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Yeah.

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Cause gravity,

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you're got a little bit of it,

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not a whole lot of it in space.

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So we've heard about muscle

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and cardiovascular

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deconditioning in space, but like,

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feel free to,

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this is where we get to be geeky, right?

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This is where like, trust me,

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you're not going to go too

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geeky for our audience.

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They're just going to want,

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they'll eat this stuff up.

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what like start from the

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basics what does happen to

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bone and the spine and the

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body in space that maybe

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pts I mean I I know that I

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don't remember the stat but

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we get shorter right

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because less gravity we're

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gonna get shorter like what

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else what else has happens

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and what maybe what else

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surprised you the most when

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you started to learn about

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it and like cory said

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treating it like a puzzle

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like well now that I know

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this I have to figure out

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how to prevent that or solve that

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Yeah.

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Yeah.

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I'll,

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I'll talk a little bit more about

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like the bone and spine side of things.

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I think something that's

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super common in astronauts

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or anybody really that gets

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into microgravity is a lot

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of people experience

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something called space

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adaptation back pain.

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We don't know exactly like

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the pinpoint reason for it,

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but we do know that the

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spine elongates and people

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tend to get a little bit taller in flight,

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even up to like two inches taller.

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And so a lot of people will

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experience this for the

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first several days in flight.

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It's typically not duty limiting.

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It doesn't require a lot of interventions,

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but things like over the

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counter medications and

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stretching can be helpful.

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But then there's also this

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period of like a long term

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impact to the spine specifically,

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where we see that when

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astronauts come home, they typically have

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some alterations in their

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deep spinal stabilizers

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from a muscular standpoint.

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Some cases will have people

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come back with decreased

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cross-sectional area of their multifidus.

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Some may have fatty infiltration, you know,

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looking kind of similar to

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like whiplash style

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patients or patients that have bed rest.

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We see those really similar

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And then that also,

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not just from a muscle

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morphology perspective,

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but it also does increase

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the risk of having

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symptomatic back pain in that first year,

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even that first couple of

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weeks leading up to the

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first year post-flight.

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And even off of planet earth,

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we still sort of don't

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really know where back pain comes from.

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We're like, it just does.

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And I did say,

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I did say astronauts get shorter,

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but I flipped that a

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hundred and eight degrees.

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They get taller in space.

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They get taller.

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Exactly.

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But when they come home and you go,

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they go, yeah, back to normal.

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But yeah,

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I think that just brings to the

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complex nature of back pain, right?

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It's like, it's so complex on earth.

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And then you add in that

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microgravity understand of

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trying to understand what's happening.

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It's definitely, as Corey mentioned,

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one of those,

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multiple puzzles that you're

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trying to put together when

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people have those symptoms.

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So hold on a second.

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Danielle,

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you're talking about difference

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in measurements on really small things,

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which means that you're

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measuring baseline of very,

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very small things.

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Did you say intercostal

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space or length of multifidi?

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These are small things.

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You're measuring all these

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things before and after, obviously,

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I'm assuming?

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Yeah, that's a great question.

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And something that we do a

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lot of medical screening on

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our astronauts,

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both prior to them getting

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selected into the astronaut corps.

00:07:52.262 --> 00:07:54.423
And then again, prior to them launching,

00:07:54.463 --> 00:07:55.024
what's their mission

00:07:55.084 --> 00:07:55.884
assigned to go through a

00:07:55.903 --> 00:07:58.125
whole nother host of medical screening.

00:07:58.785 --> 00:07:59.586
Some of the measures that

00:07:59.625 --> 00:08:00.605
I'm talking about are more

00:08:00.646 --> 00:08:01.826
on the research side.

00:08:02.487 --> 00:08:03.827
There's kind of those two

00:08:03.848 --> 00:08:05.208
different buckets of what

00:08:05.228 --> 00:08:06.629
makes you operationally ready.

00:08:06.848 --> 00:08:07.168
And then

00:08:07.968 --> 00:08:08.928
Research is also going to

00:08:08.968 --> 00:08:09.870
look at things in a much

00:08:09.910 --> 00:08:11.050
different capacity.

00:08:11.391 --> 00:08:12.632
So we do have a lot of

00:08:12.653 --> 00:08:13.913
research studies that have

00:08:13.973 --> 00:08:15.435
looked really closely like

00:08:15.555 --> 00:08:16.877
ultrasound testing,

00:08:17.576 --> 00:08:19.319
even in-flight ultrasound testing,

00:08:19.358 --> 00:08:19.819
coming home,

00:08:19.839 --> 00:08:21.781
looking at intersegmental space,

00:08:21.821 --> 00:08:23.983
looking at MRI muscle morphology.

00:08:24.303 --> 00:08:25.845
So really into the weeds on

00:08:26.064 --> 00:08:27.466
what's happening, which is really cool.

00:08:28.103 --> 00:08:28.463
Now, Corey,

00:08:28.483 --> 00:08:29.442
are you doing something similar?

00:08:29.483 --> 00:08:29.642
I mean,

00:08:29.824 --> 00:08:30.983
we're all really familiar with like

00:08:31.043 --> 00:08:32.344
the combine for the NFL.

00:08:32.403 --> 00:08:33.445
Is there something similar

00:08:33.485 --> 00:08:34.565
that you get that you're

00:08:34.585 --> 00:08:35.725
doing in terms of measuring

00:08:36.225 --> 00:08:36.865
before and after?

00:08:36.885 --> 00:08:37.806
I mean, because like you said,

00:08:37.846 --> 00:08:38.905
these astronauts are also

00:08:38.966 --> 00:08:41.147
probably it sounds like an experiment,

00:08:41.187 --> 00:08:41.386
right?

00:08:41.407 --> 00:08:42.667
You're measuring what's happening.

00:08:43.587 --> 00:08:46.207
You know, we especially for ISS missions,

00:08:46.248 --> 00:08:47.129
we do have a a.

00:08:48.447 --> 00:08:49.668
fitness assessment that we

00:08:49.727 --> 00:08:50.447
run them through.

00:08:50.488 --> 00:08:51.748
And the goal for that is to

00:08:51.807 --> 00:08:54.168
assess muscular strength.

00:08:54.509 --> 00:08:57.691
So the IMTP is a big aspect

00:08:57.711 --> 00:08:58.990
for us to understand lower

00:08:59.010 --> 00:09:00.172
body muscular strength.

00:09:00.792 --> 00:09:03.852
We also, for isometric mid-thigh pull,

00:09:03.873 --> 00:09:04.953
we would like to get better

00:09:05.033 --> 00:09:05.854
at understanding the

00:09:05.913 --> 00:09:07.154
neuromuscular properties of

00:09:07.235 --> 00:09:08.674
producing that strength so

00:09:08.695 --> 00:09:10.196
far as rate of force development,

00:09:10.216 --> 00:09:11.817
being able to do that efficiently too,

00:09:12.157 --> 00:09:13.517
to understand what happens

00:09:13.557 --> 00:09:14.577
to our ability to be able

00:09:14.638 --> 00:09:16.259
to recruit motor patterns

00:09:16.318 --> 00:09:17.119
and things like that.

00:09:18.078 --> 00:09:19.120
We also have a,

00:09:19.620 --> 00:09:20.640
when that part is

00:09:20.701 --> 00:09:21.782
pre-imposed just to

00:09:21.822 --> 00:09:22.623
characterize the

00:09:22.682 --> 00:09:24.705
consequence of space flight, you know,

00:09:24.745 --> 00:09:26.125
but there's also an aspect

00:09:26.166 --> 00:09:27.726
of that to go into readiness.

00:09:28.427 --> 00:09:29.908
As we know with IMTP or

00:09:30.028 --> 00:09:31.149
isometric mid-dipole,

00:09:31.190 --> 00:09:31.890
there are some

00:09:31.910 --> 00:09:34.052
relationships to dynamic

00:09:34.072 --> 00:09:35.634
tasks as far as squat and

00:09:35.673 --> 00:09:36.894
then other things as far as

00:09:37.095 --> 00:09:38.596
certain aspects of sprinting,

00:09:38.635 --> 00:09:39.517
certain segments of

00:09:39.537 --> 00:09:40.957
sprinting and so forth,

00:09:40.998 --> 00:09:42.399
where that type of

00:09:42.460 --> 00:09:44.041
information in a controlled

00:09:44.100 --> 00:09:45.241
environment can be useful.

00:09:45.652 --> 00:09:46.932
One of the things that I say

00:09:46.972 --> 00:09:48.193
that I think is critical

00:09:48.214 --> 00:09:49.335
for us is that too,

00:09:49.375 --> 00:09:51.255
when they come back from space flight,

00:09:51.615 --> 00:09:53.457
we also have to scope out

00:09:53.477 --> 00:09:55.158
or pick tests that they can

00:09:55.239 --> 00:09:59.302
do at that early stage of reconditioning.

00:09:59.621 --> 00:10:00.643
So when we get them here,

00:10:00.682 --> 00:10:03.345
we say R plus a return plus seven days.

00:10:03.664 --> 00:10:06.147
So five to seven days after they get back,

00:10:06.447 --> 00:10:08.388
they need to be able to do that test.

00:10:08.889 --> 00:10:10.429
And if it's a strength measure,

00:10:10.730 --> 00:10:11.890
we need to make sure all

00:10:11.910 --> 00:10:13.032
the other stuff that they

00:10:13.091 --> 00:10:14.633
are dealing with

00:10:15.663 --> 00:10:17.164
even potentially orthostatic

00:10:17.205 --> 00:10:18.485
intolerance or something like that,

00:10:18.905 --> 00:10:20.248
won't put too much noise in

00:10:20.307 --> 00:10:21.389
our strength measures so we

00:10:21.408 --> 00:10:22.529
can really understand if

00:10:22.649 --> 00:10:23.270
our in-flight

00:10:23.291 --> 00:10:24.511
countermeasures were as

00:10:25.033 --> 00:10:26.533
efficient at preserving

00:10:26.573 --> 00:10:29.918
their muscular strength.

00:10:29.937 --> 00:10:30.778
You've thought about this.

00:10:30.818 --> 00:10:31.960
For a second there, I heard the beeping.

00:10:31.980 --> 00:10:33.160
I thought we were about to take off.

00:10:33.221 --> 00:10:35.523
I thought you were going to

00:10:35.562 --> 00:10:36.563
pull a space camp on me,

00:10:36.583 --> 00:10:37.885
and I was very upset that I wasn't there.

00:10:42.129 --> 00:10:42.870
What are some of the things

00:10:42.889 --> 00:10:44.773
that might surprise other

00:10:44.793 --> 00:10:45.673
things that might surprise

00:10:45.813 --> 00:10:46.735
physical therapists or

00:10:47.015 --> 00:10:48.957
strength and conditioning

00:10:49.418 --> 00:10:55.768
professionals about what these –

00:10:52.951 --> 00:10:53.192
I mean,

00:10:53.371 --> 00:10:55.313
I learned this term when I was a PT

00:10:55.333 --> 00:10:57.235
student, tactical athletes, right?

00:10:57.275 --> 00:10:58.196
Like these are people who

00:10:58.255 --> 00:10:59.717
are going to do a lot of

00:10:59.758 --> 00:11:00.538
things that you know,

00:11:01.158 --> 00:11:01.778
and then they're going to

00:11:01.798 --> 00:11:02.740
have to do some stuff on

00:11:02.759 --> 00:11:04.522
the fly because stuff happens,

00:11:05.062 --> 00:11:06.623
especially in space,

00:11:06.763 --> 00:11:08.004
to prepare them for all the

00:11:08.044 --> 00:11:08.965
things that happen.

00:11:09.085 --> 00:11:10.025
Like, I don't know,

00:11:10.306 --> 00:11:11.466
maybe having to be in space

00:11:11.506 --> 00:11:13.308
for dozens of extra days

00:11:13.349 --> 00:11:14.629
when that wasn't predicted, right?

00:11:17.065 --> 00:11:17.284
Yeah,

00:11:17.445 --> 00:11:19.486
so they're prior to you can kind of

00:11:19.506 --> 00:11:20.628
scope out like what the

00:11:20.668 --> 00:11:22.688
mission set looks like prior to a launch.

00:11:22.909 --> 00:11:23.750
The crew are usually

00:11:23.789 --> 00:11:24.711
assigned anywhere from

00:11:24.951 --> 00:11:25.912
eighteen to twenty four

00:11:25.951 --> 00:11:28.614
months prior to going on a

00:11:28.653 --> 00:11:30.716
six month or even shorter

00:11:30.836 --> 00:11:32.476
or longer mission set.

00:11:32.956 --> 00:11:33.898
And through that time,

00:11:33.937 --> 00:11:35.418
they are going through a ton of training.

00:11:35.479 --> 00:11:36.679
So from our end,

00:11:37.100 --> 00:11:37.921
the training looks like

00:11:37.941 --> 00:11:38.981
getting them familiar with

00:11:39.022 --> 00:11:40.383
the exercise countermeasures.

00:11:40.423 --> 00:11:42.044
So Corey is a strength and

00:11:42.065 --> 00:11:43.225
conditioning coach and we

00:11:43.245 --> 00:11:44.225
also have three athletic

00:11:44.265 --> 00:11:45.187
trainers in our group.

00:11:45.955 --> 00:11:47.395
They're really trying to get

00:11:47.436 --> 00:11:49.738
them comfortable on the ARED device,

00:11:49.758 --> 00:11:50.518
which is the Advanced

00:11:50.557 --> 00:11:53.399
Resistive Exercise Device, the SEVISH,

00:11:53.440 --> 00:11:55.741
which is the cycle that's in-flight,

00:11:55.802 --> 00:11:56.562
and then the T-II,

00:11:56.581 --> 00:11:57.442
which is the treadmill.

00:11:58.043 --> 00:11:59.664
And so their goal is to make

00:11:59.705 --> 00:12:00.445
sure they are fully

00:12:00.504 --> 00:12:01.765
confident and capable to be

00:12:01.785 --> 00:12:02.866
able to use those exercise

00:12:02.886 --> 00:12:04.268
equipment when they get in there.

00:12:04.868 --> 00:12:06.089
Not a surprise that we're

00:12:06.129 --> 00:12:11.032
using a lot of acronyms with NASA, right?

00:12:11.131 --> 00:12:11.371
All right.

00:12:12.614 --> 00:12:14.153
I didn't think about this

00:12:14.293 --> 00:12:15.695
until you mentioned a few things,

00:12:16.095 --> 00:12:18.556
but are you guys just the ultimate,

00:12:19.076 --> 00:12:20.155
once the astronauts are in space,

00:12:20.235 --> 00:12:21.216
are you the ultimate like

00:12:21.495 --> 00:12:22.817
telehealth providers?

00:12:22.956 --> 00:12:25.197
Because you can't be on site

00:12:25.256 --> 00:12:26.118
with the people that you're

00:12:26.158 --> 00:12:27.498
taking care of.

00:12:28.018 --> 00:12:30.158
So like, what's the big,

00:12:30.979 --> 00:12:32.379
picture of how you're taking

00:12:32.399 --> 00:12:34.340
and managing injuries while

00:12:34.360 --> 00:12:36.139
they're already is off planet?

00:12:36.179 --> 00:12:36.820
Is that what you call it?

00:12:36.860 --> 00:12:36.960
Like,

00:12:37.019 --> 00:12:38.321
how do you reference where they look

00:12:38.400 --> 00:12:38.880
off planet?

00:12:38.921 --> 00:12:39.181
I don't know.

00:12:39.201 --> 00:12:40.240
How do you reference where they are?

00:12:40.941 --> 00:12:41.640
And what do you do?

00:12:41.681 --> 00:12:41.841
Like,

00:12:41.880 --> 00:12:44.701
how do you how do you how do you work

00:12:44.741 --> 00:12:45.522
on patients when they're

00:12:45.562 --> 00:12:46.542
not on the same planet?

00:12:46.601 --> 00:12:47.363
Is the first time I ever had

00:12:47.383 --> 00:12:49.222
to think about this?

00:12:49.302 --> 00:12:50.442
Yeah, it's a great question.

00:12:50.942 --> 00:12:52.004
We talked a little bit about

00:12:52.203 --> 00:12:53.823
the screening piece leading up to it.

00:12:53.864 --> 00:12:54.563
And I think that's one of

00:12:54.583 --> 00:12:55.864
the most important pieces, right,

00:12:55.903 --> 00:12:56.945
is like trying to prevent

00:12:56.985 --> 00:12:58.205
something prior to

00:13:01.138 --> 00:13:02.818
to becoming an issue.

00:13:02.859 --> 00:13:03.839
So there's a ton of medical

00:13:03.859 --> 00:13:05.720
screening leading up to flight.

00:13:05.740 --> 00:13:06.720
There's a ton of preparation.

00:13:06.779 --> 00:13:08.259
We want to make sure people are launching,

00:13:08.440 --> 00:13:09.561
you know, fully ready to go.

00:13:09.860 --> 00:13:11.400
So that's number one, that's key.

00:13:11.821 --> 00:13:13.162
And then if something does

00:13:13.201 --> 00:13:14.642
happen in flight,

00:13:14.662 --> 00:13:16.682
this doesn't happen incredibly often.

00:13:16.722 --> 00:13:16.962
I'll have,

00:13:17.062 --> 00:13:18.503
I think Corey can talk a lot

00:13:18.562 --> 00:13:19.203
about the strength and

00:13:19.224 --> 00:13:20.244
conditioning side and how

00:13:20.323 --> 00:13:22.465
vital that is to preventing injuries.

00:13:23.065 --> 00:13:24.804
But if something does happen in flight,

00:13:24.825 --> 00:13:25.144
you're right.

00:13:25.245 --> 00:13:26.865
It's full on telemedicine, right?

00:13:26.885 --> 00:13:27.245
We have

00:13:27.902 --> 00:13:28.903
team's capability.

00:13:28.942 --> 00:13:29.984
We do have a diagnostic

00:13:30.063 --> 00:13:31.806
ultrasound in flight where

00:13:31.826 --> 00:13:33.486
we can guide another

00:13:33.567 --> 00:13:34.727
astronaut to do remote

00:13:34.748 --> 00:13:36.370
guided diagnostic ultrasound,

00:13:36.389 --> 00:13:37.850
which is vital to helping

00:13:38.010 --> 00:13:39.192
us understand the condition

00:13:39.212 --> 00:13:39.712
that they have.

00:13:40.419 --> 00:13:41.181
And then just a lot of

00:13:41.221 --> 00:13:43.302
ingenuity of how if I

00:13:43.341 --> 00:13:45.222
wanted to do something on

00:13:45.243 --> 00:13:46.303
the cervical spine to

00:13:46.364 --> 00:13:48.164
mobilize a certain region

00:13:48.205 --> 00:13:49.125
to help somebody's pain,

00:13:49.144 --> 00:13:50.385
how can we do that in flight?

00:13:50.485 --> 00:13:51.986
Is that gonna be with another crew member?

00:13:52.067 --> 00:13:52.886
Is it gonna be with

00:13:53.528 --> 00:13:56.469
potentially like a resistance band,

00:13:56.509 --> 00:13:57.330
something like that?

00:13:57.710 --> 00:13:58.990
But I think Corey's piece of

00:13:59.010 --> 00:13:59.931
the strength and

00:13:59.951 --> 00:14:00.751
conditioning and the

00:14:00.812 --> 00:14:01.991
programming that they do is

00:14:02.052 --> 00:14:04.553
so vital to the injury prevention side.

00:14:05.130 --> 00:14:05.552
Yeah, Corey,

00:14:05.572 --> 00:14:08.674
what's exercise prescription

00:14:08.695 --> 00:14:10.537
look like while someone is already,

00:14:11.077 --> 00:14:12.879
you know, on a mission off the planet?

00:14:12.919 --> 00:14:15.803
Like, are they, you know, are you just,

00:14:16.124 --> 00:14:18.166
you know, DMing them like the WOD,

00:14:18.206 --> 00:14:19.027
their workout of the day?

00:14:19.047 --> 00:14:19.868
What does it look like?

00:14:20.889 --> 00:14:22.010
Sometimes, quick joke,

00:14:22.091 --> 00:14:22.652
I think one of the

00:14:22.711 --> 00:14:23.832
astronauts called my cell

00:14:23.852 --> 00:14:25.215
phone one time and it said U.S.

00:14:25.254 --> 00:14:25.554
government.

00:14:26.115 --> 00:14:28.157
And it kind of scared me.

00:14:28.597 --> 00:14:29.599
I didn't want to pick up,

00:14:29.639 --> 00:14:30.679
so I had to pick it up.

00:14:30.740 --> 00:14:32.741
And then it was one of the astronauts.

00:14:32.761 --> 00:14:33.722
And it was cool because we

00:14:33.743 --> 00:14:34.322
were able to have a

00:14:34.383 --> 00:14:35.804
conversation about the exercise.

00:14:36.184 --> 00:14:36.966
I will say one of the things

00:14:37.005 --> 00:14:37.966
that took me back from

00:14:38.006 --> 00:14:38.908
coming here and actually

00:14:38.927 --> 00:14:40.109
training ISS crew members

00:14:42.582 --> 00:14:43.364
I hear a lot of them now,

00:14:43.384 --> 00:14:44.184
it's almost like a joke.

00:14:44.225 --> 00:14:44.664
They say, well,

00:14:44.706 --> 00:14:45.626
I want to do what I'm going

00:14:45.647 --> 00:14:47.388
to do on International Space Station.

00:14:47.427 --> 00:14:48.929
And my response is, no, you don't.

00:14:48.950 --> 00:14:50.692
And then they say, yes, I do.

00:14:50.731 --> 00:14:51.692
Because just the sheer

00:14:51.732 --> 00:14:53.894
volume is crazy of what

00:14:53.914 --> 00:14:54.956
they can do and withstand.

00:14:54.996 --> 00:14:56.457
They actually do resistance

00:14:56.498 --> 00:14:57.840
training every day.

00:14:58.279 --> 00:14:59.341
Probably most of them about

00:14:59.380 --> 00:15:00.042
six days a week,

00:15:00.062 --> 00:15:00.942
but some of them will burn

00:15:01.023 --> 00:15:01.884
seven days a week,

00:15:01.943 --> 00:15:03.686
about two hours of resistance training.

00:15:04.046 --> 00:15:05.246
And that's a volume or a

00:15:05.287 --> 00:15:07.128
magnitude that is not

00:15:07.187 --> 00:15:09.129
sustainable in one G or back here.

00:15:09.849 --> 00:15:10.328
So that's,

00:15:10.668 --> 00:15:12.429
but it still carries with it a

00:15:12.770 --> 00:15:13.931
mechanical stress that we

00:15:13.951 --> 00:15:14.851
have to account for.

00:15:15.152 --> 00:15:16.052
So we still need that

00:15:16.172 --> 00:15:17.952
systematic variation in the

00:15:18.033 --> 00:15:19.313
volume and intensity that

00:15:19.333 --> 00:15:21.014
they're doing over time so

00:15:21.034 --> 00:15:22.755
they don't get any issues.

00:15:23.495 --> 00:15:24.535
And because even though

00:15:24.556 --> 00:15:25.596
they're recovering for

00:15:25.797 --> 00:15:27.658
twenty two hours in space or floating,

00:15:27.977 --> 00:15:29.019
they're still having to

00:15:29.058 --> 00:15:30.259
deal with that array that's

00:15:30.298 --> 00:15:31.340
being squished under that

00:15:31.399 --> 00:15:32.440
load and the array in that

00:15:32.480 --> 00:15:33.341
sandwich aspect.

00:15:33.722 --> 00:15:35.183
And the biggest asset that

00:15:35.224 --> 00:15:36.764
we have for remote human

00:15:36.804 --> 00:15:37.664
performance that I will

00:15:37.684 --> 00:15:38.725
call is education.

00:15:39.166 --> 00:15:40.746
So our goal is to have

00:15:40.886 --> 00:15:42.288
astronauts to understand

00:15:42.748 --> 00:15:44.389
what our goals are for them

00:15:44.428 --> 00:15:45.389
and how we can help and

00:15:45.429 --> 00:15:46.570
assist them while they go

00:15:46.610 --> 00:15:47.331
do their mission.

00:15:47.750 --> 00:15:48.951
In addition, I would say this,

00:15:49.511 --> 00:15:50.732
which is very important,

00:15:50.773 --> 00:15:52.153
is proper integration.

00:15:52.866 --> 00:15:54.587
when we're working with astronauts,

00:15:54.607 --> 00:15:55.769
when they are off the planet,

00:15:55.808 --> 00:15:57.029
there are certain aspects

00:15:57.110 --> 00:15:58.331
or things that come up that

00:15:58.371 --> 00:16:00.552
are in line with my skill set.

00:16:01.734 --> 00:16:03.375
And, you know, that's pretty limited.

00:16:03.416 --> 00:16:04.797
You know, I'm just with the meatheads,

00:16:04.836 --> 00:16:06.238
just come on, let's just lift weights.

00:16:06.278 --> 00:16:07.759
But then there are times

00:16:07.798 --> 00:16:09.019
when things start to fall

00:16:09.120 --> 00:16:10.000
out of my skill sets.

00:16:10.061 --> 00:16:11.282
And then we rotate who's

00:16:11.322 --> 00:16:12.263
running point on those

00:16:12.302 --> 00:16:14.205
situations to make sure

00:16:14.225 --> 00:16:15.426
that we do not dig any

00:16:15.485 --> 00:16:16.446
holes from a

00:16:16.485 --> 00:16:17.626
musculoskeletal health

00:16:17.647 --> 00:16:18.908
standpoint or for certain

00:16:18.927 --> 00:16:19.629
things like that.

00:16:19.948 --> 00:16:21.910
And when we do a good job of that,

00:16:22.355 --> 00:16:24.495
we don't really have any bad issues.

00:16:24.534 --> 00:16:26.316
We kind of stop stuff before

00:16:26.336 --> 00:16:27.775
they become real bad issues.

00:16:27.836 --> 00:16:28.635
And when,

00:16:28.995 --> 00:16:30.917
what happens is if there are

00:16:31.017 --> 00:16:33.177
issues that that's important,

00:16:33.197 --> 00:16:34.756
because if you get an

00:16:34.956 --> 00:16:36.317
astronaut who can't load,

00:16:36.457 --> 00:16:38.097
it's a bigger consequence

00:16:38.138 --> 00:16:40.498
than in one G that if they can't load,

00:16:40.538 --> 00:16:41.719
because now we're talking

00:16:41.759 --> 00:16:42.958
about a bigger consequence,

00:16:42.999 --> 00:16:44.038
potentially with bone and

00:16:44.078 --> 00:16:45.678
muscle deconditioning when

00:16:45.698 --> 00:16:46.399
they're not able to

00:16:46.440 --> 00:16:48.399
exercise versus just with one G.

00:16:49.878 --> 00:16:51.938
What are you able to monitor?

00:16:52.879 --> 00:16:54.899
You know, I wear the Apple Watch, right?

00:16:54.938 --> 00:16:55.739
It tells me when I need to

00:16:55.778 --> 00:16:56.879
sleep more and yada, yada.

00:16:57.220 --> 00:16:58.259
What sort of data?

00:16:58.580 --> 00:17:00.061
I mean, I've seen Apollo thirteen, too,

00:17:00.120 --> 00:17:00.221
right?

00:17:00.240 --> 00:17:01.160
When the guy rips off his

00:17:01.221 --> 00:17:02.740
biometrics and everybody's freaking out.

00:17:03.120 --> 00:17:04.122
What are you looking at?

00:17:04.142 --> 00:17:05.301
What are you able to measure

00:17:05.402 --> 00:17:06.422
and like what's important

00:17:06.461 --> 00:17:07.622
or what are you looking at a lot?

00:17:10.583 --> 00:17:10.903
Yeah,

00:17:10.942 --> 00:17:12.824
so right now what we're looking at to

00:17:12.864 --> 00:17:13.983
give us the understanding

00:17:14.023 --> 00:17:14.903
of internal load,

00:17:14.923 --> 00:17:16.825
what we're reliable is just heart rate.

00:17:18.068 --> 00:17:18.769
We have that.

00:17:18.910 --> 00:17:22.073
We are heavy on RPE, one to ten scale,

00:17:22.673 --> 00:17:23.814
because the brain is an

00:17:23.854 --> 00:17:25.776
amazing piece that can give a

00:17:26.371 --> 00:17:27.872
Big evaluation of the entire

00:17:27.912 --> 00:17:29.053
body and understanding of

00:17:29.133 --> 00:17:30.133
everything that's going on

00:17:30.473 --> 00:17:31.574
and give that back into a

00:17:31.653 --> 00:17:33.675
good composite score of RPE.

00:17:33.715 --> 00:17:35.076
So we love both of those.

00:17:35.457 --> 00:17:37.178
We also monitor the external

00:17:37.238 --> 00:17:38.338
load as far as when they're

00:17:38.358 --> 00:17:39.179
doing exercise,

00:17:39.199 --> 00:17:40.440
as far as the load they're using,

00:17:40.880 --> 00:17:43.122
in addition to the wattage

00:17:43.162 --> 00:17:44.403
if they're doing a cycle or

00:17:44.423 --> 00:17:45.883
the speed and the load that

00:17:45.903 --> 00:17:47.023
they're being pulled down

00:17:47.064 --> 00:17:48.244
when they're running on the treadmill.

00:17:48.823 --> 00:17:50.443
what we do is we put all of

00:17:50.463 --> 00:17:51.786
that into a bucket and we

00:17:52.066 --> 00:17:53.567
make relationships with all

00:17:53.606 --> 00:17:55.028
those things and then we

00:17:55.087 --> 00:17:56.769
look at them over time and

00:17:56.829 --> 00:17:58.111
see how those relationships

00:17:58.171 --> 00:17:59.531
are changing or staying the

00:17:59.571 --> 00:18:01.432
same to give an indication

00:18:01.512 --> 00:18:03.375
on their performance um and

00:18:03.394 --> 00:18:04.256
that's important but there

00:18:04.276 --> 00:18:05.676
are some spin-ups a lot of

00:18:05.737 --> 00:18:06.917
amazing scientists that we

00:18:06.958 --> 00:18:08.499
have here now that are

00:18:08.519 --> 00:18:10.381
looking at other ways to

00:18:10.441 --> 00:18:12.182
monitor less invasive ways

00:18:12.221 --> 00:18:13.864
to monitor different things

00:18:14.523 --> 00:18:16.465
um in the future as far as hrv

00:18:17.693 --> 00:18:19.474
and uh even cortisol or

00:18:19.535 --> 00:18:20.535
things like that have been

00:18:20.575 --> 00:18:23.035
discussed what most people

00:18:23.075 --> 00:18:24.355
don't realize is that

00:18:24.415 --> 00:18:25.836
though trying to monitor

00:18:25.915 --> 00:18:26.896
something like that in

00:18:26.997 --> 00:18:28.576
space is a very difficult

00:18:28.596 --> 00:18:30.416
task it's not as easy as

00:18:30.457 --> 00:18:31.958
just me wearing a garment

00:18:31.978 --> 00:18:32.817
watch and then going

00:18:32.837 --> 00:18:33.678
driving down the car

00:18:33.698 --> 00:18:34.558
because we actually have to

00:18:34.598 --> 00:18:36.118
get it up there and it has

00:18:36.159 --> 00:18:37.598
to be a type of hardware

00:18:38.059 --> 00:18:39.859
that doesn't create

00:18:39.880 --> 00:18:41.119
vulnerability for the crew

00:18:41.140 --> 00:18:42.101
while they're wearing it

00:18:42.141 --> 00:18:43.381
while they're in space also

00:18:43.968 --> 00:18:44.387
Understood.

00:18:44.407 --> 00:18:44.688
Danielle,

00:18:44.708 --> 00:18:45.808
I think I cut you off there for a

00:18:45.828 --> 00:18:46.528
second because I got real

00:18:46.548 --> 00:18:47.888
excited to ask about what you can measure,

00:18:47.949 --> 00:18:49.230
but what were you going to say?

00:18:49.349 --> 00:18:49.890
No, no.

00:18:49.990 --> 00:18:50.769
All I was going to say is I

00:18:50.789 --> 00:18:52.070
think what Corey said was

00:18:52.090 --> 00:18:53.431
vital about injuries, right?

00:18:53.451 --> 00:18:55.451
Like in one G we can tell

00:18:55.471 --> 00:18:56.251
somebody that go ahead and

00:18:56.271 --> 00:18:57.451
take two weeks off, right?

00:18:57.491 --> 00:18:58.873
Maybe do some light exercise,

00:18:58.893 --> 00:19:00.712
do some simple isometric stuff.

00:19:00.772 --> 00:19:06.474
Rest is usually a great tool and rehab.

00:19:06.494 --> 00:19:08.175
We don't have that tool in flight.

00:19:08.316 --> 00:19:08.695
It's really,

00:19:09.405 --> 00:19:10.746
actually vital that we keep

00:19:10.786 --> 00:19:12.406
pressing because of those

00:19:12.446 --> 00:19:13.487
deconditioning impacts,

00:19:13.507 --> 00:19:15.167
bone impacts that Corey mentioned.

00:19:15.627 --> 00:19:17.689
So that's just key.

00:19:17.729 --> 00:19:19.108
Now, when you mentioned countermeasures,

00:19:19.628 --> 00:19:21.470
this is not like an Air Force,

00:19:21.549 --> 00:19:22.851
Space Force term, right?

00:19:22.871 --> 00:19:24.010
Countermeasures is like a

00:19:24.050 --> 00:19:24.830
term you guys use.

00:19:25.131 --> 00:19:25.951
Like, what is it?

00:19:25.971 --> 00:19:26.811
What are you referring to?

00:19:26.832 --> 00:19:29.633
And how's NASA evolving countermeasures?

00:19:29.653 --> 00:19:30.073
What are they?

00:19:31.549 --> 00:19:34.111
Yeah, so countermeasures is a NASA term.

00:19:34.131 --> 00:19:35.332
So NASA has a lot of

00:19:35.511 --> 00:19:36.712
different risks that are

00:19:36.732 --> 00:19:38.314
associated with spaceflight.

00:19:38.334 --> 00:19:40.394
We've talked a lot about the muscular risk,

00:19:40.934 --> 00:19:41.954
the bone risks,

00:19:42.015 --> 00:19:44.836
the MSK risks that are associated.

00:19:44.896 --> 00:19:46.837
And so with every identified risk,

00:19:47.397 --> 00:19:48.278
there is a goal to

00:19:48.358 --> 00:19:50.119
establish an effective countermeasure.

00:19:50.935 --> 00:19:51.895
We've talked about the

00:19:51.915 --> 00:19:53.436
muscular deconditioning,

00:19:53.477 --> 00:19:54.857
cardiovascular deconditioning.

00:19:54.897 --> 00:19:56.278
So their countermeasures are

00:19:56.317 --> 00:19:57.239
the advanced resisted

00:19:57.298 --> 00:19:59.558
exercise device inside,

00:19:59.598 --> 00:20:00.240
which is kind of like a

00:20:00.259 --> 00:20:03.320
jackknife of all trades for bench press,

00:20:03.361 --> 00:20:04.240
squat, stud lifts.

00:20:04.300 --> 00:20:05.761
It has a ton of capabilities

00:20:05.821 --> 00:20:07.883
and can load up to six hundred pounds.

00:20:08.522 --> 00:20:10.604
And then we have the cycle

00:20:10.624 --> 00:20:11.463
for cardiovascular

00:20:11.483 --> 00:20:13.785
deconditioning and the treadmill as well.

00:20:14.164 --> 00:20:15.185
I think Corey can speak to a

00:20:15.246 --> 00:20:16.365
lot about what they're

00:20:16.385 --> 00:20:18.267
looking at for future exploration.

00:20:20.426 --> 00:20:20.646
Yeah,

00:20:21.587 --> 00:20:22.968
one thing that's interesting with

00:20:23.067 --> 00:20:23.949
what we currently have,

00:20:23.969 --> 00:20:25.190
we have a lot of space and

00:20:25.390 --> 00:20:27.711
also the A-RED amazing

00:20:27.750 --> 00:20:30.752
device is still mass and volume.

00:20:30.792 --> 00:20:32.272
So we hear that issue a lot.

00:20:32.292 --> 00:20:33.814
So mass and volume is

00:20:33.874 --> 00:20:35.674
expensive to fly and to

00:20:35.694 --> 00:20:37.256
develop hardware that has, you know,

00:20:37.296 --> 00:20:38.376
that mass and volume.

00:20:38.396 --> 00:20:39.997
So the future hardware,

00:20:40.018 --> 00:20:44.859
it's helpful if it's smaller,

00:20:45.259 --> 00:20:46.461
but still have those same

00:20:46.500 --> 00:20:48.382
capabilities because we've learned

00:20:48.766 --> 00:20:50.768
from going from our iRED,

00:20:50.948 --> 00:20:52.509
another smaller resistive

00:20:52.568 --> 00:20:53.589
exercise device that did

00:20:53.630 --> 00:20:56.112
not have the capabilities of the A-RED,

00:20:56.132 --> 00:20:57.972
the current advanced resistance device,

00:20:58.413 --> 00:21:00.775
is that it is easier to

00:21:01.075 --> 00:21:02.817
maintain crew health with the A-RED.

00:21:04.557 --> 00:21:06.098
But again, we need that load.

00:21:06.118 --> 00:21:07.119
So there are a lot of things

00:21:07.160 --> 00:21:08.080
that are being looked at

00:21:08.141 --> 00:21:10.923
now as far as digital load

00:21:10.962 --> 00:21:12.423
type systems or things like

00:21:12.443 --> 00:21:14.345
that to where our motorized load,

00:21:14.384 --> 00:21:16.346
excuse me, where we can have the,

00:21:17.028 --> 00:21:18.711
the same load or intensity

00:21:19.031 --> 00:21:20.494
with the smaller footprint

00:21:20.555 --> 00:21:21.616
to be able to put on the ship,

00:21:21.656 --> 00:21:23.140
but which is also very,

00:21:23.701 --> 00:21:26.105
I would say difficult is that,

00:21:26.852 --> 00:21:28.373
Usually everything that goes on the ship,

00:21:28.413 --> 00:21:29.873
the force that is created

00:21:29.913 --> 00:21:30.973
when you're exercising,

00:21:30.993 --> 00:21:32.473
that has to be absorbed or

00:21:32.554 --> 00:21:34.234
else that force goes into the ship.

00:21:34.634 --> 00:21:35.694
Now I'm not a loads and

00:21:35.734 --> 00:21:38.316
dynamics structural engineer.

00:21:38.695 --> 00:21:41.076
I do know that that's not bad for the,

00:21:41.297 --> 00:21:44.057
that's not advantageous for

00:21:44.077 --> 00:21:46.098
the ship and the trajectory that is on.

00:21:47.500 --> 00:21:48.599
And, you know, it could be,

00:21:49.359 --> 00:21:50.602
As far as the solar arrays,

00:21:50.642 --> 00:21:51.564
like if you're working out

00:21:51.604 --> 00:21:53.186
of their loads or they're

00:21:53.426 --> 00:21:54.569
flapping and things like that,

00:21:54.589 --> 00:21:55.852
it could create a lot of problems.

00:21:55.872 --> 00:21:58.596
So it could be very interesting.

00:21:58.917 --> 00:21:59.878
So we have all those

00:21:59.919 --> 00:22:01.863
constraints that we're

00:22:02.887 --> 00:22:04.469
are also trying to fit

00:22:04.650 --> 00:22:06.191
exercise in that envelope

00:22:06.230 --> 00:22:07.011
of understanding.

00:22:07.071 --> 00:22:08.333
And it's not an easy task.

00:22:08.373 --> 00:22:10.213
It's actually a very difficult task,

00:22:10.233 --> 00:22:10.914
but we have a lot of

00:22:10.954 --> 00:22:12.236
amazing engineers here

00:22:12.276 --> 00:22:13.977
being able to help us figure that out.

00:22:14.357 --> 00:22:15.638
And once, and you know,

00:22:15.679 --> 00:22:16.839
some of the things we deal

00:22:16.859 --> 00:22:17.820
with from exercise

00:22:17.861 --> 00:22:19.281
specialists is the

00:22:19.362 --> 00:22:20.242
constraints are the

00:22:20.282 --> 00:22:21.222
perimeter that the

00:22:21.284 --> 00:22:24.046
engineers paint on far as exercise.

00:22:24.125 --> 00:22:24.365
Okay.

00:22:24.385 --> 00:22:26.167
Well, when you're doing this modality,

00:22:26.607 --> 00:22:28.229
okay, these are your restrictions,

00:22:28.269 --> 00:22:28.970
this cadence,

00:22:29.308 --> 00:22:30.789
this beat or whatever or

00:22:30.829 --> 00:22:31.911
something like this or this

00:22:31.990 --> 00:22:34.153
load and now we're back and

00:22:34.212 --> 00:22:35.575
we have that in our pocket

00:22:35.595 --> 00:22:36.595
and we're saying okay now

00:22:36.655 --> 00:22:37.635
how do I keep this

00:22:37.695 --> 00:22:39.117
particular individual fit

00:22:39.458 --> 00:22:40.919
with these restrictions

00:22:41.779 --> 00:22:43.080
don't deadlift so hard you

00:22:43.121 --> 00:22:45.282
take this the the the ifs

00:22:45.343 --> 00:22:46.284
off course is what you're

00:22:46.384 --> 00:22:49.487
doing I want you to set a

00:22:49.527 --> 00:22:51.528
pr but don't knock us off course

00:22:55.461 --> 00:22:56.781
So looking ahead to Artemis,

00:22:56.821 --> 00:22:58.383
first give some context to

00:22:58.403 --> 00:22:59.203
what Artemis is,

00:22:59.243 --> 00:23:01.185
but looking ahead to Artemis and beyond,

00:23:01.506 --> 00:23:02.186
what are some of the

00:23:02.227 --> 00:23:03.288
biggest human performance

00:23:03.347 --> 00:23:04.789
challenges that NASA is

00:23:04.849 --> 00:23:08.732
already thinking towards?

00:23:08.792 --> 00:23:10.275
Yeah, great question.

00:23:10.295 --> 00:23:12.717
So Artemis is the mission

00:23:12.737 --> 00:23:14.179
that will put people back

00:23:14.199 --> 00:23:15.480
to the moon for the first time.

00:23:15.500 --> 00:23:16.760
So we have Artemis II where

00:23:16.780 --> 00:23:17.622
we already have a crew

00:23:18.123 --> 00:23:18.703
And they're going to go

00:23:18.743 --> 00:23:20.827
around and circle the moon and come home.

00:23:21.308 --> 00:23:22.270
And then the next step will

00:23:22.290 --> 00:23:24.895
be to get foots back on the moon,

00:23:25.576 --> 00:23:26.919
ultimately to create an

00:23:27.039 --> 00:23:28.162
ecosystem that we can

00:23:28.201 --> 00:23:29.564
launch and go further into

00:23:29.644 --> 00:23:30.967
exploration onto Mars.

00:23:31.904 --> 00:23:32.984
From my perspective,

00:23:33.025 --> 00:23:33.945
I think Corey and I kind of

00:23:33.965 --> 00:23:35.746
bring both the ends of the

00:23:35.786 --> 00:23:37.027
human performance spectrum

00:23:37.247 --> 00:23:39.106
where I'm really focused on

00:23:39.646 --> 00:23:41.028
MSK injury prevention,

00:23:41.107 --> 00:23:43.288
primarily around the new spacesuit.

00:23:43.327 --> 00:23:44.648
So we're headed into a time

00:23:44.689 --> 00:23:47.068
where there's a ton unknown

00:23:47.189 --> 00:23:48.730
with the type of spacesuit,

00:23:48.890 --> 00:23:51.411
the mission set and duration,

00:23:51.451 --> 00:23:52.330
the tempo of the

00:23:53.230 --> 00:23:54.531
missions that we're going to be doing,

00:23:54.612 --> 00:23:55.932
it is completely different

00:23:55.952 --> 00:23:57.054
than what we do with the

00:23:57.193 --> 00:23:58.474
ISS training right now.

00:23:59.035 --> 00:24:00.016
So we're headed into just a

00:24:00.056 --> 00:24:00.756
lot of unknowns,

00:24:00.776 --> 00:24:02.356
which is also incredibly exciting.

00:24:03.057 --> 00:24:04.117
So our team is really

00:24:04.157 --> 00:24:04.999
focused on trying to get

00:24:05.038 --> 00:24:05.900
ahead of some of the

00:24:06.000 --> 00:24:06.740
injuries that we're

00:24:06.799 --> 00:24:08.461
anticipating with the

00:24:08.480 --> 00:24:09.301
spacesuit because the

00:24:09.342 --> 00:24:10.542
spacesuit is a very unique

00:24:10.583 --> 00:24:12.124
environment that poses

00:24:12.183 --> 00:24:14.164
unique challenges to the MSK system.

00:24:14.204 --> 00:24:15.705
So that's where I'm kind of

00:24:16.145 --> 00:24:17.287
coming at it from the human

00:24:17.326 --> 00:24:18.928
performance perspective is

00:24:18.948 --> 00:24:20.028
really trying to understand

00:24:20.048 --> 00:24:21.410
and characterize injuries

00:24:23.105 --> 00:24:23.884
in the space suit.

00:24:23.924 --> 00:24:25.246
What's communication like

00:24:25.446 --> 00:24:26.646
when someone is on a mission?

00:24:27.048 --> 00:24:28.229
Are you sitting in the room?

00:24:28.269 --> 00:24:29.450
We all know from Apollo

00:24:29.490 --> 00:24:31.411
thirteen because that person,

00:24:31.510 --> 00:24:32.192
the health person,

00:24:32.271 --> 00:24:35.795
was not treated well in Apollo thirteen.

00:24:35.815 --> 00:24:36.595
They kept bothering.

00:24:36.634 --> 00:24:37.855
He kept trying to bother the astronauts,

00:24:37.875 --> 00:24:38.557
try to sleep.

00:24:38.576 --> 00:24:39.577
And they're like, we're not sleeping,

00:24:39.657 --> 00:24:39.917
right?

00:24:39.958 --> 00:24:41.598
Like so what is actually going on?

00:24:41.699 --> 00:24:42.740
What what is your I mean,

00:24:42.759 --> 00:24:43.560
besides Corey getting

00:24:43.980 --> 00:24:45.301
straight up phone calls from space,

00:24:46.782 --> 00:24:48.124
what is that like when a

00:24:48.183 --> 00:24:48.964
mission is going on?

00:24:48.984 --> 00:24:49.965
What's your what's your

00:24:50.205 --> 00:24:51.507
what's your day like?

00:24:53.529 --> 00:24:54.230
Yeah, great question.

00:24:54.250 --> 00:24:55.731
So we mission control is a

00:24:55.771 --> 00:24:57.554
twenty four seven operations,

00:24:57.614 --> 00:24:58.374
three hundred and sixty

00:24:58.394 --> 00:25:00.395
five days out of the year.

00:25:00.997 --> 00:25:01.936
Within that team,

00:25:02.157 --> 00:25:03.739
all your mission critical

00:25:03.759 --> 00:25:05.140
personnel are going to be

00:25:05.259 --> 00:25:06.201
in mission control.

00:25:06.821 --> 00:25:09.364
And of that team from seven

00:25:09.403 --> 00:25:11.365
to four or five in the

00:25:11.506 --> 00:25:13.728
afternoon or evening is a flight surgeon.

00:25:13.768 --> 00:25:15.048
So a flight surgeon is

00:25:15.128 --> 00:25:16.509
typically on console during

00:25:16.650 --> 00:25:18.132
the normal operations of

00:25:18.352 --> 00:25:19.613
when crew are awake.

00:25:20.336 --> 00:25:21.657
If there's any critical

00:25:21.718 --> 00:25:23.678
events like launches, landings,

00:25:24.179 --> 00:25:25.659
any spacewalks that are happening,

00:25:25.699 --> 00:25:26.798
there's always medical

00:25:26.838 --> 00:25:27.980
support in the form of a

00:25:28.059 --> 00:25:30.861
flight surgeon on mission control.

00:25:31.000 --> 00:25:31.681
Our team gets the

00:25:31.721 --> 00:25:33.261
opportunity to meet with

00:25:33.321 --> 00:25:35.122
our crew via Teams through

00:25:35.162 --> 00:25:36.002
private exercise

00:25:36.022 --> 00:25:37.982
conferences once a month.

00:25:38.084 --> 00:25:40.124
They can also call, as Corey mentioned,

00:25:40.804 --> 00:25:41.904
anytime that they want.

00:25:42.545 --> 00:25:43.305
And then we do a lot of

00:25:43.384 --> 00:25:44.806
email communications as well.

00:25:45.656 --> 00:25:46.217
That's great.

00:25:46.656 --> 00:25:46.876
All right.

00:25:46.896 --> 00:25:47.577
So this is going to be like

00:25:47.597 --> 00:25:49.377
an off topic question.

00:25:49.438 --> 00:25:50.699
See if we can put two things together.

00:25:50.759 --> 00:25:53.319
What lessons from space

00:25:53.380 --> 00:25:55.401
flight physical therapy,

00:25:55.760 --> 00:25:57.422
from space flight strength

00:25:57.461 --> 00:25:58.001
and conditioning,

00:25:58.061 --> 00:25:58.961
do you think that every

00:25:59.001 --> 00:26:01.103
healthcare provider, leader,

00:26:01.163 --> 00:26:03.364
business owner, anybody could steal?

00:26:03.903 --> 00:26:04.064
I mean,

00:26:04.084 --> 00:26:05.424
NASA was also famous with like

00:26:05.525 --> 00:26:06.845
checklists and making sure

00:26:06.904 --> 00:26:07.826
things were in order

00:26:07.865 --> 00:26:09.625
because we want to minimize risk.

00:26:09.865 --> 00:26:10.787
So what are some lessons

00:26:10.826 --> 00:26:11.727
from the things that you do

00:26:11.747 --> 00:26:12.267
that you think are

00:26:12.287 --> 00:26:13.688
applicable to anybody in healthcare?

00:26:17.028 --> 00:26:19.469
take that?

00:26:19.509 --> 00:26:19.628
Yeah.

00:26:21.650 --> 00:26:22.250
The lessons,

00:26:22.609 --> 00:26:23.611
I would say the biggest

00:26:23.651 --> 00:26:25.832
lessons is that it's a human business,

00:26:25.951 --> 00:26:28.153
whether any situation that I was in.

00:26:28.692 --> 00:26:30.453
And where I'm going with

00:26:30.493 --> 00:26:32.134
that is that it's not just

00:26:32.174 --> 00:26:33.935
sets and reps necessarily.

00:26:34.395 --> 00:26:36.876
So people respond to exercise differently.

00:26:36.896 --> 00:26:39.698
There's variability in how they respond.

00:26:39.938 --> 00:26:40.979
There's a variability on how

00:26:40.999 --> 00:26:42.339
they tolerate the stress of

00:26:42.359 --> 00:26:43.059
that exercise.

00:26:43.532 --> 00:26:45.534
So if we can get tunnel

00:26:45.574 --> 00:26:46.775
vision or fixed on our

00:26:46.815 --> 00:26:48.194
specific approach or our

00:26:48.234 --> 00:26:49.615
desire to do it a certain

00:26:49.675 --> 00:26:51.517
way and not respond to the

00:26:51.596 --> 00:26:53.637
human and end up in a place

00:26:53.678 --> 00:26:55.538
we don't want to be.

00:26:55.598 --> 00:26:57.380
So I think that's the biggest thing.

00:26:57.400 --> 00:26:58.359
And for us,

00:26:58.440 --> 00:26:59.961
it's more of a risk for that to

00:27:00.020 --> 00:27:01.741
happen again when they're off the planet.

00:27:03.463 --> 00:27:04.825
That's probably one of one

00:27:04.865 --> 00:27:05.705
of the biggest things,

00:27:05.945 --> 00:27:06.987
like even coming up from

00:27:07.166 --> 00:27:08.327
one mission to the other

00:27:08.867 --> 00:27:10.489
and training a different astronaut.

00:27:10.548 --> 00:27:12.270
And I feel like, OK, I got this template.

00:27:12.290 --> 00:27:12.730
Here we go.

00:27:12.770 --> 00:27:14.392
And this is what we're doing.

00:27:14.853 --> 00:27:16.054
And next thing you know,

00:27:16.074 --> 00:27:17.394
that template's on his head.

00:27:17.454 --> 00:27:18.736
But we figure out these

00:27:18.756 --> 00:27:20.057
principles that are important.

00:27:20.477 --> 00:27:20.817
And, you know,

00:27:20.836 --> 00:27:22.238
we put the same ingredients there.

00:27:22.258 --> 00:27:24.059
We just change it up a little bit,

00:27:24.099 --> 00:27:25.181
cook it a little longer,

00:27:25.280 --> 00:27:27.541
do whatever to make it more

00:27:27.662 --> 00:27:29.002
suitable for the individual

00:27:29.044 --> 00:27:29.663
we're working with.

00:27:30.502 --> 00:27:31.063
It's a little bit different

00:27:31.083 --> 00:27:32.124
when a physical therapist asks,

00:27:32.183 --> 00:27:32.785
so are you going on any

00:27:32.825 --> 00:27:34.746
trips anytime soon for a patient?

00:27:34.826 --> 00:27:35.846
Maybe a little bit different

00:27:35.886 --> 00:27:39.470
when you're asking your astronauts.

00:27:39.509 --> 00:27:40.351
Are you guys ready to play a

00:27:40.411 --> 00:27:42.393
game I like to call Ground

00:27:42.432 --> 00:27:43.534
Control Quickfire?

00:27:43.574 --> 00:27:44.433
Are you guys ready for that?

00:27:44.453 --> 00:27:44.815
Yeah, I think so.

00:27:45.434 --> 00:27:50.819
Let's hear it.

00:27:52.098 --> 00:27:52.338
All right,

00:27:52.378 --> 00:27:54.601
here comes ground control quick fire.

00:27:55.621 --> 00:27:56.882
You can each answer for these.

00:27:56.902 --> 00:27:58.383
I'm going to ask you five.

00:27:58.663 --> 00:28:00.023
So just rapid fire,

00:28:00.104 --> 00:28:01.305
whatever comes to mind first.

00:28:01.785 --> 00:28:02.726
First thing you think of

00:28:02.766 --> 00:28:06.288
when someone says rehab in microgravity.

00:28:06.508 --> 00:28:07.229
What is it, Danielle?

00:28:07.269 --> 00:28:09.730
What's the first thing that comes to mind?

00:28:09.750 --> 00:28:11.511
Say ingenuity or creativity.

00:28:11.531 --> 00:28:12.972
You got to be creative.

00:28:12.992 --> 00:28:14.413
Corey, rehab in microgravity.

00:28:14.433 --> 00:28:14.834
What do you got?

00:28:15.961 --> 00:28:17.202
Did I give you two high lows

00:28:17.262 --> 00:28:18.083
on back squat?

00:28:20.785 --> 00:28:22.226
What's one human performance

00:28:22.286 --> 00:28:23.445
myth you'd love to just

00:28:23.506 --> 00:28:24.666
launch into space and get

00:28:24.727 --> 00:28:26.167
rid of and just completely abolish?

00:28:26.188 --> 00:28:28.769
What's the myth, Danielle?

00:28:28.828 --> 00:28:28.929
Ooh,

00:28:28.949 --> 00:28:31.431
I'd say that when astronauts come home,

00:28:31.550 --> 00:28:32.851
that they can't walk,

00:28:32.891 --> 00:28:33.852
they can't function.

00:28:34.332 --> 00:28:35.432
Some of that is a little bit

00:28:35.452 --> 00:28:37.493
true from the sensory motor perspective.

00:28:37.513 --> 00:28:39.434
There are challenges, but man,

00:28:39.454 --> 00:28:40.115
they come back in

00:28:40.134 --> 00:28:41.635
incredible shape and they

00:28:41.655 --> 00:28:42.957
are ready to hit the ground

00:28:42.977 --> 00:28:43.737
running when we see them,

00:28:43.757 --> 00:28:44.458
which is exciting.

00:28:45.063 --> 00:28:45.262
Good.

00:28:45.303 --> 00:28:45.502
Corey,

00:28:45.522 --> 00:28:46.523
what's a myth you want to get rid of?

00:28:47.243 --> 00:28:48.244
I think a myth is that

00:28:48.345 --> 00:28:49.986
exercise programming is easy.

00:28:50.705 --> 00:28:52.528
It is initially, but over time,

00:28:52.548 --> 00:28:54.608
that's where skill comes in.

00:28:54.648 --> 00:28:54.848
Yeah,

00:28:54.949 --> 00:28:56.410
and creativity is what I'm getting a

00:28:56.450 --> 00:28:56.890
theme here.

00:28:57.530 --> 00:28:58.871
Coolest technology you've

00:28:58.951 --> 00:29:01.633
seen or used in your career

00:29:02.012 --> 00:29:02.854
working with astronauts?

00:29:04.594 --> 00:29:07.174
Mine would be ultrasound in flight,

00:29:07.275 --> 00:29:08.375
getting to be on the ground,

00:29:08.496 --> 00:29:09.516
telling an astronaut how to

00:29:09.536 --> 00:29:10.876
do diagnostic ultrasounds.

00:29:11.116 --> 00:29:11.616
Incredible.

00:29:11.836 --> 00:29:12.557
That's wild.

00:29:12.616 --> 00:29:13.458
Corey, cool tech.

00:29:13.498 --> 00:29:15.298
What do you got?

00:29:15.318 --> 00:29:16.538
Couldn't be any cooler than

00:29:16.558 --> 00:29:17.640
getting in a space suit a

00:29:17.700 --> 00:29:18.480
couple of times.

00:29:18.680 --> 00:29:19.961
Oh, yeah.

00:29:20.000 --> 00:29:21.820
That is awesome.

00:29:21.840 --> 00:29:22.461
We got two more.

00:29:22.501 --> 00:29:24.521
We got two more.

00:29:24.903 --> 00:29:26.742
What would surprise most PTs

00:29:26.782 --> 00:29:27.223
and strength and

00:29:27.263 --> 00:29:28.124
conditioning specialists

00:29:28.183 --> 00:29:30.525
about astronauts' physical preparation?

00:29:37.261 --> 00:29:39.061
I would say that they are

00:29:39.102 --> 00:29:40.063
generally committed,

00:29:40.103 --> 00:29:41.202
but how busy their

00:29:41.262 --> 00:29:43.003
schedules get as they

00:29:43.044 --> 00:29:44.584
approach launch day.

00:29:44.644 --> 00:29:47.605
I mean, it's pretty intense, you know,

00:29:47.664 --> 00:29:48.585
the last, say,

00:29:48.665 --> 00:29:50.145
sixty days or thirty days

00:29:50.205 --> 00:29:52.106
outside of a launch, how busy they are.

00:29:52.146 --> 00:29:53.567
But they're still committed

00:29:53.606 --> 00:29:54.727
and what they do to try to

00:29:54.767 --> 00:29:56.367
maintain their fitness during that time.

00:29:57.409 --> 00:29:57.909
Love it.

00:29:57.929 --> 00:29:59.671
All right.

00:29:59.691 --> 00:30:01.751
You want to be pushing exercise, right?

00:30:01.832 --> 00:30:03.173
Like that's that's what we want.

00:30:03.192 --> 00:30:04.374
But we also respect

00:30:04.534 --> 00:30:05.755
everything that they have

00:30:05.775 --> 00:30:06.816
to do leading up to flight.

00:30:07.415 --> 00:30:08.257
Yeah, understood.

00:30:08.676 --> 00:30:09.297
And last one we'll do.

00:30:09.336 --> 00:30:10.657
What's one leadership or

00:30:10.758 --> 00:30:12.839
mindset tool that helps

00:30:12.960 --> 00:30:14.641
each of you think long term

00:30:14.661 --> 00:30:15.741
that you get to apply in your work?

00:30:18.823 --> 00:30:20.844
I think for me, like the vision is the key,

00:30:20.943 --> 00:30:21.144
right?

00:30:21.163 --> 00:30:22.204
Being able to effectively

00:30:22.224 --> 00:30:23.325
communicate the vision,

00:30:23.384 --> 00:30:24.405
keep people motivated on

00:30:24.445 --> 00:30:25.566
the vision and having a

00:30:25.625 --> 00:30:26.866
common goal to execute that.

00:30:26.967 --> 00:30:28.267
It is so vital to make sure

00:30:28.287 --> 00:30:29.407
that the vision is well

00:30:29.428 --> 00:30:30.587
understood within the team.

00:30:31.229 --> 00:30:31.989
Yeah.

00:30:32.009 --> 00:30:32.648
Corey, what do you got?

00:30:33.849 --> 00:30:35.171
Yeah, I would say vision too.

00:30:35.211 --> 00:30:37.050
And the vision is that the

00:30:37.111 --> 00:30:38.372
responsibility and the

00:30:38.551 --> 00:30:39.992
burden we have to serve

00:30:40.032 --> 00:30:41.693
this community in a way of

00:30:41.733 --> 00:30:42.453
human performance,

00:30:42.554 --> 00:30:43.733
I think is like the

00:30:43.775 --> 00:30:44.815
cornerstone that I have.

00:30:46.071 --> 00:30:46.491
Perfect.

00:30:46.971 --> 00:30:47.211
All right.

00:30:47.251 --> 00:30:48.952
So let's talk about an event

00:30:48.972 --> 00:30:50.272
you have coming up pretty soon.

00:30:50.292 --> 00:30:51.153
Let's talk about that.

00:30:51.212 --> 00:30:53.074
Like who who's coming and

00:30:53.114 --> 00:30:53.574
what are they going to

00:30:53.594 --> 00:30:54.753
learn while they're there?

00:30:56.335 --> 00:30:56.555
Yeah,

00:30:56.595 --> 00:30:58.454
so we have a lot of this stuff that

00:30:58.474 --> 00:30:59.335
we discussed today.

00:30:59.355 --> 00:31:00.736
We have an event coming up

00:31:00.776 --> 00:31:01.836
that's going to happen at

00:31:02.016 --> 00:31:03.935
Space Center Houston down here in Texas,

00:31:03.976 --> 00:31:05.797
right adjacent from Johnson Space Center.

00:31:06.277 --> 00:31:07.676
And the name of the event is

00:31:07.696 --> 00:31:08.798
the Spaceflight Human

00:31:08.857 --> 00:31:10.837
Optimization and Performance Summit.

00:31:10.877 --> 00:31:12.858
So shop twenty five by the

00:31:12.898 --> 00:31:13.939
year for for short.

00:31:14.385 --> 00:31:15.027
And what it is,

00:31:15.086 --> 00:31:16.689
is a technical interchange

00:31:16.749 --> 00:31:18.130
between some of the

00:31:18.170 --> 00:31:20.132
greatest minds in human performance.

00:31:20.153 --> 00:31:21.673
So we have over thirty SME

00:31:21.713 --> 00:31:24.497
subject matter experts across the DOD,

00:31:24.596 --> 00:31:26.640
across elite athletics and

00:31:26.720 --> 00:31:27.921
here at Johnson Space

00:31:27.941 --> 00:31:29.903
Center all around coming

00:31:29.942 --> 00:31:31.945
together to understand how

00:31:32.066 --> 00:31:33.406
best we can care for human

00:31:33.467 --> 00:31:34.828
systems while they leave the planet.

00:31:35.369 --> 00:31:37.171
But it's not just that lens

00:31:37.230 --> 00:31:38.092
on space flight,

00:31:38.172 --> 00:31:39.173
because we believe some of

00:31:39.192 --> 00:31:40.794
these conversations can be

00:31:40.913 --> 00:31:42.134
leveraged to help other

00:31:42.174 --> 00:31:43.496
communities as far as where

00:31:43.536 --> 00:31:45.576
they meet athletes, even general health.

00:31:46.038 --> 00:31:47.239
And as we come together and

00:31:47.278 --> 00:31:48.439
probably look at these

00:31:48.599 --> 00:31:51.582
issues and look at these things, again,

00:31:51.602 --> 00:31:52.561
we can push the needle

00:31:52.602 --> 00:31:53.542
forward to all human

00:31:53.583 --> 00:31:54.384
performance all the way

00:31:54.423 --> 00:31:56.605
down to general health.

00:31:56.644 --> 00:31:57.586
So who can come to this?

00:31:57.685 --> 00:31:59.287
Anybody who just wants to come to this?

00:31:59.326 --> 00:32:00.268
There you go.

00:32:05.454 --> 00:32:05.795
Can you hear me?

00:32:05.815 --> 00:32:08.696
Yeah, we got you now.

00:32:08.718 --> 00:32:09.417
Who can come to this?

00:32:09.458 --> 00:32:10.078
Who's the audience?

00:32:10.378 --> 00:32:11.078
Who do you want to see in

00:32:11.098 --> 00:32:11.920
the audience learning?

00:32:12.840 --> 00:32:14.301
So we would want to see

00:32:14.442 --> 00:32:15.563
anyone in the audience,

00:32:15.782 --> 00:32:16.804
one who's learning.

00:32:16.864 --> 00:32:17.984
So we had a lot of interest

00:32:18.025 --> 00:32:18.825
in spaceflight just

00:32:18.865 --> 00:32:21.547
recently with the return of the crew,

00:32:21.606 --> 00:32:23.269
Barry Wilmore and Sonny Williams.

00:32:23.709 --> 00:32:24.730
Anybody who is even

00:32:24.809 --> 00:32:26.230
interested in what really

00:32:26.270 --> 00:32:27.531
happens to astronauts

00:32:27.571 --> 00:32:28.992
bodies when they leave the planet.

00:32:29.909 --> 00:32:30.730
That community,

00:32:30.890 --> 00:32:32.510
in addition to across to

00:32:33.451 --> 00:32:35.333
people who are just interested in space,

00:32:35.853 --> 00:32:37.013
all the way down to people

00:32:37.034 --> 00:32:37.934
who are practitioners

00:32:37.994 --> 00:32:38.994
working in human

00:32:39.035 --> 00:32:40.195
performance from a

00:32:40.316 --> 00:32:42.458
multidisciplinary standpoint too.

00:32:42.538 --> 00:32:44.239
So we're not just physiologists,

00:32:44.278 --> 00:32:46.181
we're also cognitive specialists,

00:32:46.861 --> 00:32:48.982
sports psych, and then even engineers.

00:32:49.002 --> 00:32:50.804
That's one thing that's unique about this.

00:32:51.407 --> 00:32:52.647
event but then in space

00:32:52.667 --> 00:32:54.009
flight in general as far as

00:32:54.048 --> 00:32:55.868
the engineering also have

00:32:55.888 --> 00:32:56.730
to be in the human

00:32:56.769 --> 00:32:58.789
performance team because

00:32:59.089 --> 00:32:59.770
we're talking about

00:32:59.830 --> 00:33:00.830
hardware hardware

00:33:00.871 --> 00:33:01.891
restrictions and all of

00:33:01.911 --> 00:33:03.372
that stuff and then we as

00:33:03.412 --> 00:33:04.112
human performance

00:33:04.132 --> 00:33:05.832
specialists have to also

00:33:05.872 --> 00:33:06.952
tell the engineers the

00:33:06.992 --> 00:33:08.952
capabilities we need to

00:33:08.992 --> 00:33:10.473
protect people so it's a

00:33:10.534 --> 00:33:11.854
going back collaboration

00:33:11.874 --> 00:33:13.914
and relationship so it it

00:33:13.994 --> 00:33:15.954
is a again a community for

00:33:16.075 --> 00:33:18.115
all um who's interested in

00:33:18.604 --> 00:33:19.523
I guess space flight,

00:33:19.544 --> 00:33:20.704
but then moving into the

00:33:20.724 --> 00:33:21.444
human performance,

00:33:21.484 --> 00:33:23.865
human factors and so forth.

00:33:24.405 --> 00:33:24.665
Yeah.

00:33:24.685 --> 00:33:25.326
And some of the biggest

00:33:25.346 --> 00:33:26.406
innovations usually come

00:33:26.426 --> 00:33:27.626
out of the military or NASA.

00:33:27.646 --> 00:33:27.807
I mean,

00:33:27.846 --> 00:33:29.288
you guys have found all these

00:33:29.367 --> 00:33:31.167
latent problems and then solve them.

00:33:31.347 --> 00:33:32.228
And lots of us have

00:33:32.249 --> 00:33:33.229
benefited from those things.

00:33:34.449 --> 00:33:35.430
Yeah.

00:33:35.450 --> 00:33:35.509
Yep.

00:33:35.529 --> 00:33:38.431
We do have CEUs for physical therapists,

00:33:39.010 --> 00:33:39.871
NSCA,

00:33:39.990 --> 00:33:41.811
and then also BOC for athletic

00:33:41.832 --> 00:33:42.551
trainers as well.

00:33:43.393 --> 00:33:43.653
Perfect.

00:33:43.692 --> 00:33:43.873
All right.

00:33:43.893 --> 00:33:44.933
We'll drop the link in the

00:33:44.953 --> 00:33:46.375
show notes if anybody wants

00:33:46.395 --> 00:33:48.738
to tag along and check out shop.

00:33:49.417 --> 00:33:50.679
Last thing we do, Danielle and Corey,

00:33:50.699 --> 00:33:52.260
on the show is called the parting shot.

00:33:53.182 --> 00:33:54.303
What is the last thing you'd

00:33:54.343 --> 00:33:55.443
want to leave with the

00:33:55.523 --> 00:33:56.503
audience as we wrap up?

00:33:56.565 --> 00:33:56.924
Parting.

00:33:57.625 --> 00:33:59.547
Final quote, mic drop moment,

00:33:59.567 --> 00:34:00.448
soapbox statement,

00:34:00.528 --> 00:34:01.669
whatever you want to wrap up with.

00:34:01.709 --> 00:34:03.269
What do you got, Danielle?

00:34:03.590 --> 00:34:05.251
I think we've threaded it a lot here,

00:34:05.271 --> 00:34:06.673
but I absolutely love that

00:34:06.732 --> 00:34:07.834
everybody says spaceflight

00:34:07.854 --> 00:34:08.514
is a team sport.

00:34:09.130 --> 00:34:10.472
and how we fit into that

00:34:10.693 --> 00:34:13.076
team matrix on the human performance side,

00:34:13.175 --> 00:34:14.556
I think is super exciting.

00:34:14.637 --> 00:34:16.219
But I think that can match

00:34:16.239 --> 00:34:18.141
into any organization of just,

00:34:18.521 --> 00:34:19.603
it takes a team to make

00:34:19.643 --> 00:34:20.983
really complex things happen.

00:34:21.724 --> 00:34:22.206
That's great.

00:34:22.286 --> 00:34:23.547
Corey, no pressure to follow that one,

00:34:23.567 --> 00:34:24.228
but what's your parting story?

00:34:24.248 --> 00:34:26.530
Yeah, she stole my, I'll piggyback that.

00:34:26.590 --> 00:34:27.592
I'll say team is key.

00:34:27.632 --> 00:34:29.313
Teamwork is absolute key.

00:34:30.048 --> 00:34:30.608
That's perfect.

00:34:31.230 --> 00:34:32.230
Thanks for doing what you do.

00:34:32.451 --> 00:34:33.251
Thanks for sharing it,

00:34:33.311 --> 00:34:34.331
not just in this podcast,

00:34:34.351 --> 00:34:35.311
but for things like shop

00:34:35.351 --> 00:34:37.494
and just letting us see that team support,

00:34:37.713 --> 00:34:39.514
you know, live on and off the planet.

00:34:39.554 --> 00:34:40.135
We appreciate it.

00:34:40.155 --> 00:34:41.715
Awesome.

00:34:41.795 --> 00:34:42.577
Thank you.

00:34:42.597 --> 00:34:46.539
Thank you.

00:34:46.559 --> 00:34:47.119
That's it.